This 10-year horizon was set intentionally to demand urgency and collective effort today, while also providing the runway to achieve something extraordinary. It also reflects our belief that progress at this scale needs shared infrastructure and coordinated effort, not isolated work. Achieving our goal will require collaboration across institutions and technical domains.

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Regardless of timeline, the work required to build scalable, autonomous research systems will reshape how scientific inquiry is performed and expand our capacity to reason about complex physical systems. This progress will not only affect how we do research, but will inevitably impact fields shaped by fundamental physics, such as energy, technology, materials and medicine. If this moonshot is achieved, it will mark a transformational step in humanity’s understanding of the universe.